25/08/2025
In Sri Lanka, thereâs only one bear species â the âSri Lankan Sloth Bearâ (Melursus ursinus inornatus). However, there are historical records of another bear species in Sri Lanka. This mysterious bear was referred to as the âRahu Walahaâ / âRathu Walahaâ (à¶»à¶à· à·à¶œà·à·) and âWaga Walahaâ (à·à¶ à·à¶œà·à·) by locals.
In 1885, Hugh Neville wrote an article (in the âTaprobanianâ) called the âBrown Bear of Ceylon.â In it, he writes that âthe brown bear of Ceylon is now found, but very rarely, in the wild district lying between Kubukkan River and the Manik Ganga.â He further states that locals refer to this bear as âRahu Walasâ [direct copy]. One might think that the writer is confusing the animal with the âSloth Bear,â but he [Neville] specifically clarified that the âbrown bear is scarcely more than half the size of the Sloth Bear.â Furthermore, Neville writes that the âbrown bearâ was more âsavageâ than the Sloth Bear, and that it âinvariably tries to attack a man â however far off.â Of course, Neville had never seen the bear, and his descriptions were based on hunterâs accounts (if you wish to read Nevilleâs article, the link is provided below).
But thereâs another written record of the âbrown bear.â Henry Parker wrote this article for the 1887 edition of the âTaprobanian.â In it, he says that the âbrown bearâ is âwell known, but by report only, to the hunters who frequent the forests around Padawiya (à¶Žà¶Żà·à·à¶ș), in the northeastern corner of the North Central Province.â Parker further states that in this region, the bear was referred to as the âWaga Walahaâ (à·à¶ à·à¶œà·à·) by locals. Again, Parker also clarifies some differences with the âSloth Bearâ â he [Parker] mentions that the â brown bear stands much lower than the Sloth Bear,â and that âit is said to live chiefly upon flesh.â Normally, Sloth Bears are omnivorous, so it seems that these reports are about a different bear. According to Parkerâs account (linked below), this âbrown bearâ had a âreddish brown color throughout,â and it didnât have a âV-shaped markingâ on the chest (Sloth Bears have a white mark on their chest). So, what was this âbrown bearâ? More importantly, what happened to it?
According to Hugh Nevilleâs original article about the âbrown bear,â the animal was âexterminatedâ by locals because it was too âsavage.â
P.S. - These arenât the only accounts about the âbrown bear.â Even R. L. Spittell has mentioned this bear in his articles as the âRahu Walaha,â etc. Spittell forwarded the theory that the legendary âNittaewoâ were confused with the âbrown bearâ (or âRahu Walahaâ) of Ceylon.
Articles â
Hugh Nevilleâs 1885 article -https://dbooks.bodleian.ox.ac.uk/books/PDFs/590962844.pdf
Henry Parkâs 1887 article - https://digi.ub.uni-heidelberg.de/diglit/taprobanian1887/0010/image,info,text_ocr