17/12/2025
The key colonial events in the area that is now Kogi State (particularly around Lokoja and the Kabba Province) before Nigeria’s independence in 1960:
🔹 1. Early European Exploration and Settlement (mid-1800s)
Lokoja became prominent for European explorers because of its strategic position at the confluence of the Niger and Benue Rivers, which was ideal for trade and access into the inland interior.
British explorer Dr. William Balfour Baikie established a settlement in Lokoja in the 1850s as part of early trading and exploratory activities.
This set the stage for increasing British presence in the region well before formal colonial control.
🔹 2. Abolition of the Slave Trade and Anti-Slavery Efforts (mid-to-late 1800s)
Lokoja had been a slave trade centre because of its river access. After the British abolition campaigns, the town became a collection centre for freed slaves, symbolised by the “Iron of Liberty” monument.
🔹 3. Royal Niger Company Influence (Late 1800s)
From 1886 to 1899, the Royal Niger Company (a British chartered company) exercised control over large territories around Lokoja and along the Niger and Benue Rivers. It negotiated treaties with local leaders and established trading dominance in the region — effectively laying economic and administrative groundwork for colonial expansion.
🔹 4. British Colonial Takeover and Protectorate Formation (1900)
On January 1, 1900, the British government formally took over control from the Royal Niger Company and declared the Northern Nigeria Protectorate. Lokoja was initially an important administrative centre (its status as first capital is historically noted, though the official capital of the Northern Protectorate was soon moved).
This marked the beginning of direct British colonial governance in the region that includes present-day Kogi State.
🔹 5. Role of Sir Frederick Lugard and Expansion of British Control (1900s)
Sir Frederick Lugard, who became the first High Commissioner