12/06/2025
WEST PHILIPPINE SEA π΅ππ΅ππ΅π
Legal owner of EEZ rights: The Philippines
The West Philippine Sea is the name the Philippines uses for the part of the South China Sea that falls within its EEZ, as defined by UNCLOS.
πΉThe Philippines claims that features within 200 nm from its coastline β including areas west of Luzon, Palawan, and Mindoro β are part of its EEZ.
πΉThis includes areas like Reed Bank (Recto Bank) and Scarborough Shoal (Panatag Shoal), though the latter is contested and not entirely within 200 nm.
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Who Owns the Rights to the West Philippine Sea?
π΅π The Philippines has sovereign rights (not full sovereignty like land, but exclusive rights to resources) over the waters, seabed, and subsoil within 200 nautical miles from its coast β its EEZ.
β’ These rights include:
β’ Fishing
β’ Oil and gas exploration
β’ Marine research
β’ Environmental protection
Legal Basis
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The UNCLOS, to which both the Philippines and China are signatories, defines EEZs and grants these rights to coastal states.
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In 2016, the Permanent Court of Arbitration (PCA) in The Hague ruled in favor of the Philippines, affirming:
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The Philippines has exclusive rights in its EEZ, including areas in the West Philippine Sea like Recto Bank (Reed Bank).
π«Chinaβs βNine-Dash Lineβ has no legal basis under UNCLOS.
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Several disputed features are rocks or low-tide elevations, not islands, and cannot generate their own EEZs.
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What is the 200 nm zone under UNCLOS?
Under UNCLOS, coastal states are entitled to an Exclusive Economic Zone (EEZ) that extends up to 200 nautical miles (approximately 370 kilometers) from their baseline (usually the low-water line along the coast).
In their EEZ, coastal states have:
πΊSovereign rights for exploring, exploiting, conserving, and managing natural resources (like fish, oil, and gas) in the water column and seabed.
πΊJurisdiction over marine scientific research and environmental protection.