08/12/2026
Timeline of the Salem Witch Trials:
1641 to 1648 — Witchcraft becomes a capital crime.
The law specifically cited Biblical passages, including Exodus and Deuteronomy, as authority for punishing people "believed" to be witches.
Religion and fear had already designed the framework.
January to February of 1692 — The accusations began. In Salem Village, several young girls began experiencing "symptoms" and "behaviors".
The girls claimed that they were being afflicted by supernatural forces.
The first people accused included:
Tituba, an enslaved Indigenous/Afro-Caribbean woman in the household of Samuel Parris, Sarah Good and Sarah Osborne.
Tituba eventually confessed to witchcraft (Was it actual witchcraft? Or a summon of humane behavior from the devine?) and described an alleged conspiracy involving other witches.
Her confession helped transform individual suspicions into a much larger perceived conspiracy.
March 1692 — Accusations spread. The accusations expanded rapidly.People began randomly accusing neighbors, relatives, and other community members. Importantly, being accused did not necessarily mean the person was actually tried or executed. Many people were arrested, imprisoned, questioned, or accused without ultimately being convicted.
The accusations also moved beyond Salem Village into surrounding communities.
Spring 1692 — Fear becomes a community crisis
As accusations multiplied, the alleged witches were increasingly portrayed as part of a larger Satanic conspiracy. One of the most controversial forms of evidence became known as “spectral evidence.” This involved an accuser claiming that they had seen the accused person's spirit or apparition attacking or tormenting them.
The problem was obvious: the supposed apparition could not be independently observed.
Nevertheless, the special court permitted such testimony.
May 1692 — Governor Phips arrives
A new provincial government had been established under a new royal charter.
Governor William Phips created a special court known as the Court of Oyer and Terminer to deal specifically with the witchcraft accusations.
The court was given authority to hear and determine the cases.This became the principal judicial body responsible for the prosecutions during the most intense period of the crisis.
June 1692 — Executions begin
Bridget Bishop became the first person executed during the Salem trials. She was hanged on June 10, 1692. The ex*****ons continued throughout the summer.
July 1692 — More ex*****ons. Several additional people were executed. The accused were overwhelmingly women, although men were also prosecuted and executed.This is important because Salem was not exclusively a persecution of women.
August 1692 — Executions continue
More accused people were convicted and executed. Among them was George Burroughs, a former minister. His ex*****on demonstrated how far the accusations had spread: even a man who had previously held a religious position could become a target.
September 1692 — The final ex*****ons.
The final ex*****ons took place on September 22, 1692.
Among those executed were:
Martha Corey
Mary Eastey
Alice Parker
Ann Pudeator
Margaret Scott
Wilmot Redd
Mary Parker
Samuel Wardwell
By this point, public confidence in the proceedings was beginning to weaken.
One of the most famous victims was Giles Corey, an elderly farmer. Unlike the others, Corey refused to enter a plea to the charges against him.
Because of his refusal, the court subjected him to a procedure intended to force him to plead.
He died without entering a plea. He was not burned, nor was he hanged. His death occurred through judicially imposed pressing.
October 1692 — The special court is dissolved
Governor Phips eventually became concerned about the reliability of the proceedings.
In particular, the increasing reliance on spectral evidence had become problematic. Phips dissolved the Court of Oyer and Terminer in October.
At this point, 19 people had been executed by hanging.
November 1692 — A new court.
The Massachusetts General Court established a new Superior Court of Judicature.This court would handle the remaining witchcraft cases.The new system was much more cautious about supernatural testimony.
January 1693 — Trials resume. The new court began hearing the remaining cases. It rejected spectral evidence as a sufficient basis for conviction. The results were dramatically different.
Of 26 people tried, 23 were found not guilty, while the remaining three were eventually pardoned by Governor Phips.
This rapid change demonstrates just how important the rules of evidence were to the outcome.