05/18/2018
New Jersey Room – Behind the Archives Door ( #15 in an occasional series)
This map from a prospectus offering land, and land under water, at Caven Point in 1867 is a remarkable document of present-day Jersey City at a moment of decisive development of the waterfront. We see the historic Dutch settlement of Communipaw bordered by Jersey City, at that time only covering today’s downtown section, and then-independent Greenville. Small “suburban” developments that had been laid out over the previous fifteen or so years line the interior: Lafayette, Sherwood and Claremont in (then) Bergen, and Woodlawn and Greenville Grove in Greenville. But along the waterfront, changes were occurring that would create the rail and industrial future that would dominate the following century.
Earlier in the 1860s, Charles Sisson on behalf of the NJ Central Railroad had bought up the shoreline of Communipaw, and with it the rights to build out into bay. The railroad staked their claim by building a terminal out in the water close to the Jersey City waterline. We see here the Central Railroad Terminal located on a manmade island, connected by a causeway, which would soon be filled in to make continuous land to the terminal, creating the “Big Basin” of the Morris Canal, today’s Liberty Landing Marina. Over the next decades, landfill would continue in Communipaw Cove and almost all traces of the Dutch settlement would disappear.
This proposed development of 1500 “water lots” extending out from Caven Point would not come to pass. Instead, the National Docks Company built up land atop a reef extending out from what the map calls Fish Point, which would be named for the most prominent of the outcroppings, known as Black Tom. The land at Caven Point would be used for Standard Oil’s Eagle Works refinery, and when landfill was used much later it was to push south to the foot of Chapel Avenue. It was from there in the 1940s that the US military shipped virtually all of the munitions for the European theater of WWII, in absolute secrecy to avoid a repeat of the sabotage at Black Tom in 1916. That made land encompasses today’s Cochrane Field, a small Army Depot and the Port Liberte development, while the historic Caven Point site is Liberty National Golf Course and the Caven Point Beach portion of Liberty State Park.