01/06/2026
Oilbird
The Oilbird, known in Spanish as Guácharo, is one of the most extraordinary birds in the world and one of the iconic species of northern South America, including Colombia. It is the only living member of its family (Steatornithidae) and the world's only nocturnal flying fruit-eating bird.
Key Facts
Scientific name: Steatornis caripensis
Length: 40–49 cm
Wingspan: Approximately 95 cm
Habitat: Humid forests with caves, canyons, or rocky shelters
Distribution: Colombia, Venezuela, Ecuador, Peru, Bolivia, Brazil, Guyana, and Trinidad.
Unique Adaptations
The Oilbird is one of the very few birds capable of echolocation, using audible clicking sounds to navigate through completely dark caves, much like bats. These clicks bounce off cave walls and obstacles, helping the birds orient themselves during flight.
Its eyes are also among the most light-sensitive of any bird, allowing it to forage at night in dense tropical forests.
Diet
Unlike most night birds, Oilbirds are strictly frugivorous. They feed mainly on oily fruits from palms, laurels, and other rainforest trees. They swallow fruits whole and play an important role in long-distance seed dispersal and forest regeneration.
Behavior
During the day, thousands of birds may roost together on cave ledges, producing eerie screams and clicks. At dusk they leave the caves and can travel long distances over the forest canopy in search of fruiting trees.
Breeding
Oilbirds nest colonially inside deep caves. The nest is built from regurgitated fruit material and droppings on rocky ledges, often above streams. Chicks become extremely fat from a fruit-rich diet—this characteristic gave rise to the name "Oilbird," as indigenous peoples once harvested the chicks for oil.
In Colombia
One of the best-known sites to observe this species is the Cueva de los Guácharos National Natural Park, where the bird gives its name to the park. Other colonies occur in suitable cave systems throughout the Andes and foothill regions.
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