Toursinegypt

09/05/2025

21/04/2025

The goat that was the reason for the most important archaeological discovery in the 19th century.

The story begins about 3000 years ago. At this time, the theft of Pharaoh's tombs was widespread, and the priests lost control of this issue, so they thought of a genius solution. It is the collection of mummies of kings and senior men of the state and buried them in complete secrecy in one area. And they really succeeded in implementing their plans.

In 1871, there were two sisters named Muhammad and Ahmed Abdul Rasul. They were sitting on a rock in the Al-Deir Al-Bahri area in the city of Luxor, and they had two goats. One of their goats went between the rocks.. The brothers followed her and did not find her. After searching, they found that she fell into a hole between the rocks. One of the brothers tied himself with a rope and went down to bring the goat.. And the surprise was.. When Muhammad Abdul Rasul went down to the hole, he found himself in a place that no one had entered for 3000 years. He found himself in a room full of dozens of coffins and hundreds of statues and artifacts..

Muhammad and his brother agreed that the subject remains a secret between them. For 10 years, the brothers kept the secret. Every time they used to go down to the cemetery and take statues, gold pieces and papyrus leaves and sell them to foreigners to the extent that the subject reached the director of Egyptian antiquities at this time "Gustav Ma Spiro"..

In cooperation with the security services, the two brothers were arrested. They denied all the charges and were released for insufficient evidence. Months later, a dispute broke out between the brothers. Muhammad Abdul Rasul went to the police and confessed everything. The police went to the place and the surprise was.. They found more than 50 mummies inside coffins.. Most of the mummies were royal. In addition to hundreds of statues, papyrus and rare artifacts.

These mummies included the most famous kings of Egypt. King Ahmose Kaher Al-Haksos.. The third.. Ramses the second.. City the first and dozens of others..

In 1881, under heavy guard, the precious treasure was transferred to Cairo within two days with the help of more than 300 workers. This discovery remained the greatest discovery in Egyptian history until the tomb of Tutankhamun was discovered in 1922. And the reason is a goat..

20/04/2025

● Revealing the tomb of the prince "Wasr F Ra", the son of the king "User Kaf", the first king of the fifth dynasty in the ancient area of Saqqara

● First found a huge mock door of pink granite

● Finding a statue of King Dzoser, his wife and his ten daughters

21/02/2025

The Screaming Mummy and the women(Harem)Conspiracy:

Currently, at the entrance to the Egyptian Museum in Tahrir square, the mummy known as Unknown Man E is on display. It was found with the mummies of the royal cache and its owner was unknown for a long time.

In the Turin Judicial Papyrus, which was originally about five meters long, it was divided into several small fragments known as Papyrus Rollin, Papyrus Varzy, Papyrus Lee (1 and 2), Papyrus Rifaud I (A, B, and C), and Papyrus Rifaud 11 (E).

Which tells the story of the conspiracy hatched by one of the wives. Queen Tiye, a secondary wife of King Ramses III, with her son Pentawer and about 40 other people, including women in the royal harem, palace employees, supervisors, scribes, and even some army commanders and the king's personal physician. The plan was divided into two parts.

The first: On the 15th of the month of February of the Shemu season, during the valley celebrations, when the king was in his palace on the high balcony in the city of Habu, after the celebration passed in front of the king and he went to his room in the Holy Sanctuary, the king was killed in coordination with the supervisor Pepi-Ka-Kamen, with employees and supervisors, while he was in the sanctuary without his personal guards.

The second part: After killing the king, General Ba-Sai and his aides killed all those loyal to the king, including Crown Prince Ramses IV, took control of the royal treasuries, placed Prince Pentawer on the throne, and confronted any army forces loyal to the murdered king or the crown prince.

The story is long and is told by the scholar Susan Redford in her distinguished book:

The Harem Conspiracy: The Murder of Ramesses III
Which ended with the arrest of all the conspirators and bringing them to trial. As is customary, there were public trials for the employees and secret trials for the prince and queen, which ended with their sentencing. However, it seems that a noble way was presented for the prince and queen to commit su***de, which is a noble way instead of executing them and executing the rest of the conspirators and those proven to be involved, even partially, by cutting off the nose and ear and others as administrative punishment.

The Mysterious Mummy:
For a long time and since its discovery, there were many different theories about the identity of this mummy until the Turin Papyrus was found and the name Pentaur was linked to the mummy. Because this prince is the only one of all the sons of Ramses III who conspired against his father, it is most likely him, especially since he was mummified in a very bad way and surrounded by unclean goat skin and his face bears signs of pain and screaming. Some theories even said that he was mummified alive (the story of the famous movie The Mummy) starring Brendan Fraser and Rachel Weisz was inspired by the story of this prince In the movie, the priest Imhotep is mummified alive after killing the king.

In a recent study using CT Scan technology, Dr. Sahar Salem and Dr. Zahi Hawass studied the mummy of Ramses III and the screaming mummy. The results published in their important and wonderful book Scanning the Pharaohs.

indicated that the mummy is indeed that of Ramses III's son Pentaur and that King Ramses was killed when Dr. Sahar found a deep stab wound under the linen bandages at the neck that severed the king's neck veins and he died after that, which confirms that the conspiracy, although it failed to put Pentaur on the throne, succeeded in killing the pharaoh.

18/02/2025

Sphinx of Giza is a giant 4,500-year-old limestone statue situated near the Great Pyramid in Giza, Egypt. Measuring 240 feet (73 meters) long and 66 feet (20 meters) high, the Great Sphinx is one of the world’s largest monuments. It is also one of the most recognizable relics of the ancient Egyptians, though the origins and history of the colossal structure are still debated.

What Is a Sphinx?
A sphinx (or sphynx) is a creature with the body of a lion and the head of a human, with some variations. It is a prominent mythological figure in Egyptian, Asian, and Greek mythology.

In ancient Egypt, the sphinx was a spiritual guardian and most often depicted as a male with a pharaoh headdress—as is the Great Sphinx—and figures of the creatures were often included in tomb and temple complexes. For instance, the so-called Sphinx Alley in Upper Egypt is a two-mile avenue that connects the temples of Luxor and Karnak and is lined with sphinx statues.

Sphinxes with the likeness of the female pharaoh Hatshepsut also exist, such as the granite sphinx statue at the Metropolitan Museum of Art in New York and the large alabaster sphinx at the Ramessid temple in Memphis, Egypt.

05/02/2025

02/02/2025

One of the cultural-social topics of life in ancient Egypt is cleanliness.

In the tombs of the Old Kingdom and after, there are many scenes of purification, shaving the head, trimming the nails, and circumcision. The most famous of them is the tomb of Dr. Ankh-Mahor, the two brothers, and others.

When the Greek historian Herodotus visited Egypt, he wrote a lot about them, but the most amazing thing for him was the cleanliness of the ancient Egyptians and their great interest in bathing and washing their clothes constantly. He said, “I have never seen a nation with such interest in their cleanliness, shaving their heads, putting perfumes and aromatic oils on their skin, and even caring about their body odor. They made what is similar to today’s herbal deodorant with the scent of lemon and ginger, and chewed mint for bad breath. They had a laundry room (I found ostraca with laundry bills in Deir el-Medina) Almost everyone drank from bronze cups that they washed a lot. They also washed their utensils, their hands, and everything before and after eating. Men and women washed themselves before and after in*******se, which was amazing to him. The priests bathed four times a day, in the morning and twice in the evening, with cold water to support immunity, and shaved their heads to prevent diseases. The Egyptians were disgusted by the smell and customs of other nations, and how they only bathed a little and their smell was bad 🤨

20/01/2025

In Hall 2 of the Grand Museum, as you explain the development of the tombs, the royal pyramids, the serekh, and the cartouche, you will find the most beautiful treasure, which is the remains of the tomb of Queen Hetepe Guards, wife of Sneferu, which was found by the archaeologist George Reisner in 1925, and which, by pure coincidence, was found by the mission’s photographer while he was trying to fix the camera stand, and one of the legs of the stand was planted. He found an opening, and when Reisner arrived from America, he discovered the remains of the cemetery, which appeared to be unsigned The original burial for her appears to have been stolen, and the rest of the contents were transferred to a burial well next to the pyramid of her son Khufu.
Amidst the wonderful alabaster coffin, the gold foil, the chair, the bed, and other things, you will find, from my point of view, the most beautiful piece of jewelry, which is a box containing silver bracelets inlaid with agate, turquoise, and lapis lazuli, made by cold hammering on a piece of silver, and on it is a bas-relief carving of four butterflies in a wonderful blue and green color. Of course, the symbolism of the number 4 is important and well-known, and the colors Blue and green symbolize the heavenly gods, rebirth, clear and butterfly It symbolizes Maat, the cosmic order, and the life of the butterfly, from egg to cocoon to butterfly. A clear example of the various transformations and stages that a deceased person goes through. He is mummified like a cocoon inside a coffin, which is often called “the egg” from which the deceased emerges and “transforms” into a new stage in which he soars to the sky.
The sights of butterflies in the woods are well-known and essential in the Saqqara tombs and elsewhere. According to what I read, there are more than 80 species of butterflies depicted in ancient Egypt, which indicates the symbolism and religious and magical importance of the butterfly.