埃及旅遊 Egypt tour

09/03/2022

Giza Pyramids
It was designed to perfectly match the constellation of Orion
Which represents the equilibrium basis for our Milky Way Galaxy.
The wonders of the pyramids of Giza ..........................

The construction of the pyramids indicates the greatest building process in all of history
It took at least five centuries to build the pyramids
Between (2686 - 2181 BC)
in the old country
From the third to the sixth dynasty (the age of the pyramids)
The number of the pyramids reached 28, all in a desert area
It extends from Abu Rawash to Medium in the south
(80 kilometers long and 4 kilometers wide)
This area is known as the necropolis of Memphis (Memphis).
The most famous of these pyramids are: Khufu, Khafre, and Menkaure

The pyramid of Khufu (the largest) weighed about 6.3 million tons
The number of its stones is 2.5 million blocks.
The average weight of the piece is 2.6 tons,
Some stones weigh 10-15 tons.
The weight of the King's Chamber, with its five ceilings, is 1500 tons.
The circumference of the base of the pyramid is about one kilometer.
Each side of the base is 230 meters.
The height of the pyramid is 147 meters.
It covers an area of ​​53 thousand square metres
Its base area is twelve and a half acres

The three stones of the pyramids are enough to build a wall of 2 cubic meters
It extends over 100,000 square kilometers around the globe
Along the equator

Herodotus said:
100,000 men built this pyramid over a period of 20 years
There is a closely related relationship between the scales of the Great Pyramid
And between the shape and size of the Earth and its various measurements
Like the distance between the sun and the earth
The Great Pyramid is located on a point on the Earth's surface
It is located exactly one third of the distance between the equator and the North Pole
The "north-south" axis of the Great Pyramid is parallel to the azimuthal axis
With the Earth's "north-south" axis a difference of 3 out of 60 degrees,
Thus, the location of the pyramid is
More accurate than a construction site on the Greenwich Line in London
Its deviation is 9 out of 60 degrees
If you draw some taxonomic lines on the pyramid
From north to south, we will find that it divides the delta into two equal parts
And if some diagonal lines are drawn on it from the top of the pyramid
passing through the corners of its northeastern and northwestern bases
We will have a triangle that accommodates the entire delta.
The drawn longitudinal and diagonal lines will indicate
The northern, eastern and southern official borders of ancient Egypt,
Because these lines will pass through the meridian
32 38 degrees east,
59 50 East,
31 14 East,
13 6 N.,
42 6 S
The pyramids of Khufu, Khafre and Menkaure were built on the Giza plateau in a way that allows them to
To be perfectly parallel to the North Stars and point towards the South Stars.
In addition, its four sides face it and point to the four directions with utmost precision

The four sides of the pyramids form angles as close as possible to 90 degrees
very narrowly,
Today, it is difficult for us to achieve his example despite our technological and engineering progress
Our construction equipment is provided
Design the Great Pyramid in a way that makes it a miniature scale
For the northern hemisphere of the globe in a specific ratio is (43200:1)
in which
The top of the pyramid symbolizes the North Pole
/ Its base symbolizes the equator.
Meaning that it measures the height and perimeter of the base of the Great Pyramid
Round the two numbers at 43200
We get the measurement discovered by the ancient Egyptians of the circumference of the globe
With amazing accuracy, there is only a very small percentage of error in it, which is 1 percent

The temperature inside the king's room in the Great Pyramid throughout the year
Do not exceed 22 degrees Celsius!!
The reason is the presence of two holes Ichterqan rocks on both sides of the pyramid

The Giza plateau was specifically chosen because the pyramids are located
On the Giza plateau on the one hand, and the Nile in relation to it,
Almost identical in shape to the image of Orion's triangular stars
Which represents the pyramids and the Milky Way, which resembles the Nile
Therefore, the pyramids with the Nile look like a mirror image of the sky
But on the ground.
This plateau was also specifically chosen because it is the only place where
Bear the weight of the pyramids
As it is possible to build three pyramids on top of the current pyramids
Without the plateau affected by the weight.
Scientists have analyzed areas of the pyramids in Giza
So they found traces of chemicals that prove that they cut these stones
From the far reaches of Upper Egypt, southern Egypt, with chemicals
This confirms that the pharaohs were aware of chemistry

It has also been proven that within any hierarchical shape there is a magnetic field
It changes the existing forces since it is known that it can
No magnetic field prevents the flow of electric current
Or change an existing magnetic field.
This indicates that there is an electromagnetic field in the pyramid.
This field has a strength of 13,000 gauss
While the Earth's field is 1 Gauss
This is the reason for increasing seed germination and activating enzymes

The only wonder pyramids left of the Seven Wonders of the Ancient World,
Throughout the ages, the tallest structure has been defying time.
It is as if it writes the book of eternity and remains fresh for the minds and minds to witness its greatness
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Sherif ahmed
Egyptologist tour guide

21/10/2019

Behind every piece of land in Egypt is an ancient tale seeking to see the light of day, 30 ancient coffins were found in the Asasif necropolis ancient city of west Thebes on the west bank of the Nile which makes it the largest coffin cache ever discovered since 1891 AD. They are estimated to be 3000 years dating to the 22nd dynasty pf Egyptian pharaohs which remained very well. Preserved and very well colored. The coffins belong to men and women and two rare children coffins, all are believed to belong to the middle class. On the wooden coffins are unique vivid colors, hieroglyphics, designs & paintings of Egyptian deities and scenes from the book of the dead. This discovery will able to reveal a great deal of information about the burial rituals in ancient Egypt. The Coffins will be moved to the new Grand Egyptian Museum set to open in 2020.

28/01/2019

13/11/2018

White Desert
The White Desert is part of the Western Desert of Egypt, that makes you feel like you tarevelled back in time to stone ages again. Pure beauty in its most marvelous way. Well that feeling you get when you see it, like you went back in time millions of years is totally explainable. The White desert is formed by the ocean and the sea creatures that did exist 80 millions of years ago, which is a huge time ago . After millions of years and decades you can now just visit it in the 20th centuries, clearly see the fossils indicating the past life of this desert every where. Just astonishing piece of land and history you nearly had no idea it did exist here in Your own country Egypt, just 500 kilometres from Cairo .

The Chicken And Mushroom Rocks
Are You motivated enough to hit the road and go there, we still have more and more fascinating stuff to tell you. The White desert is a vast area of desert that is covered in totally white sand, yup, like you have fallen in the clouds of white cotton candy or as if you are walking on the moon. White every where you glance, made of limestone or chalk, leaving behind a scene of divine beauty that leaves you speechless. Due to the erosion of the atmosphere acting on the desert you will find different structures that will blow your mind and imagination every time you look around you. There are shapes of animals, chicken, mushrooms, faces, pyramids and even the sphinx, just let your imagination go as wild as it can. The most famous shapes are the chicken and the mushroom you can go there and take some photo. The best actually are silhouette photos which are usually epic.
Safari
Of course you can have safari on the dunes of soft sand. The rovers just going up and down in abnormal speed, specially on high dune where the cars are going down a slope of almost 90 degrees. Adrenaline rushing through your whole body as if you fell all of a sudden in Fast And Furious movie, but in a Bedouin style. And since there are dunes of soft sand there will be plenty of activities that you can do over there and enjoy your time to the maximum. Like you can grab some sand boards and go gliding off those dunes with speed and fun. Or you can take your mountain bike and go cycling around up and down those dunes, but be careful with the speed.

Camping
And of course the cherry on top of the activities in the White desert is ” Camping “. Spending the night in a Million Star hotel is such an amazing experience that no one should miss. just you , your sleeping bag and the stars, those little twinkling lights billions of them right there above you will draw a smile of satisfaction on your face. The sound of silence around you will hit your soul so hard making you feel so energized and alive. As the sun sweeps slowly and gracefully, it will wake you up to the most graceful scene. The vast white area reflecting the shades of Orange and red will make your heart melt. In addition to that you will enjoy of course a Bedouin night that you have never dreamt of, the Bedouin songs, the camping fire along with the Delicious Bedouin food served that will make your day for sure.

El Heiz Water Spring
Before you go home you can end your journey with a dip At El Heiz Water spring. El heiz is an oasis that is surrounded by palm trees that you can pick some dates from. A spring where you can swim , but there are some precipitations on the floor tat will stain your hands, clothes and feet, so better have extra clothes. There is a rest by the spring where you can have light Bedouin lunch like cheese, tunas and green salad. You never know what is so special about this launch, but you will fall in love with it. If you have Extra time you should pay a visit to El Heiz Water Educational Center. It holds a museum that explains the geology over there and a centre where the children are taught English, personal hygiene and Geology. If you are lucky enough you will meet the children in one of their classes.

23/10/2018

07/09/2018

The Mortuary Temple of Hatshepsut at Deir el-Bahri
The name Deir el-Bahri means ‘Northern Monastery’, indicating that the site was once used by Christian monks. Prior to the coming of Christianity, however, the site in the Valley of the Kings was a complex of mortuary temples and tombs built by the ancient Egyptians. One of the most famous of the mortuary temples at Deir el-Bahri is the Temple of Hatshepsut.
Hatshepsut is arguably one of the most formidable women in ancient Egypt. After the death of her husband, Thutmose II, Hatshepsut served as co-regent to her nephew and stepson, the infant Thutmose III, who would eventually become the 6 th pharaoh of the 18 th Dynasty. The roughly 22 year reign of Hatshepsut is generally regarded as one of Egypt’s most prosperous, and major accomplishments were achieved by this extraordinary pharaoh, including the construction of her mortuary temple in Deir el-Bahri.
The Mortuary Temple of Hatshepsut was known to the ancient Egyptians as Djeser-Djeseru (Holy of Holies), and is said to have taken 15 years to complete, i.e. between the 7 th and 22 nd years of Hatshepsut’s reign. The construction of the mortuary temple was overseen by Senenmut, Hatshepsut’s royal architect, who, according to some, was also her lover. Regardless, Senenmut’s final product was an impressive monument that allowed the posthumous worship of Hatshepsut, and conveyed the greatness of this pharaoh. Whilst the architecture of the mortuary temple itself is noteworthy, certain features seem to stand out more than the rest.

One of the features of the mortuary temple that projects Hatshepsut’s greatness is a famous colonnade known as the ‘Punt colonnade’, located on the left side of the ramp to the third level. The colonnade narrates one of Hatshepsut’s greatest achievements – her expedition to Punt. Unlike many of the pharaonic reliefs found on various Egyptian monuments, Hatshepsut’s expedition was not militaristic in nature, but one that had trade as the goal of the mission. This may be an indication of Hatshepsut’s priorities, though the pharaoh claimed that the expedition was conducted to extract tribute from the people of Punt. Nevertheless, the expedition was a success, and based on the column, numerous luxury objects and exotic goods were brought back to Egypt, including myrrh trees, gold, ivory, panther skins and apes.
A successful trade mission to a foreign land, however, was not enough to portray Hatshepsut as a good pharaoh or indeed as a pharaoh at all. As a woman, Hatshepsut was defying the norm by being pharaoh, a position reserved by males only. Thus, she had to legitimize her claim to the Egyptian throne. This resulted in the elaborate birth story found on the mortuary temple’s ‘Birth colonnade’. According to the story on the colonnade, Hatshepsut was not a mere mortal, but had divine parentage, as the god Amun himself, taking the form of the pharaoh Thutmose I, went to Hatshepsut’s mother, Ahmose, and impregnated her with his divine breath. Amun then reveals his true self to Ahmose, and foretells that Hatshepsut will rule over Egypt. Khnum, the creator of the bodies of human children, is then instructed to form Hatshepsut’s body and ka (life force). Ahmose is then led by Khnum and Heqet to the birthing chamber and with the help of Meskhenet, Hatshepsut is born. Finally, Hatshepsut is shown suckled by Hathor, whilst her birth is recorded by Seshat. With so many gods involved in her birth, Hatshepsut was almost certain to have cemented her claim as pharaoh. As a point of interest, the same birth story can also be found in Karnak.
After Hatshepsut’s death, towards the end of the reign of Thutmose III and the beginning of his successor’s reign, there was an effort to obliterate the memory of this female pharaoh. Numerous statues from Hatshepsut’s mortuary temple were torn down, smashed and disfigured before being buried in a pit. Her cartouches and images were also chiseled off the reliefs on the wall, including those on the ‘Birth colonnade’. It may be added that Akhenaten, who lived about a century after Hatshepsut, also jumped on the iconoclastic bandwagon, though his target was not the queen’s images, but those of the god Amun. Thus, on the ‘Birth colonnade’ at Hatshepsut’s mortuary temple, the images of Hatshepsut and Amun are curiously chiseled off. The attempt to completely remove Hatshepsut from history could be said to be a failure, however, as she is today remembered as one of the most successful pharaohs of ancient Egypt.

01/09/2018

The Valley of the Kings is a valley in Egypt where for a period of nearly 500 years from the 16th to 11th century BC, tombs were constructed for the kings and powerful nobles of the New Kingdom (the Eighteenth through Twentieth Dynasties of Ancient Egypt). The valley stands on the west bank of the Nile, across from Thebes (modern Luxor), within the heart of the Theban Necropolis. The wadi consists of two valleys, East Valley (where the majority of the royal tombs situated) and West Valley.

The area has been a focus of concentrated archaeological and egyptological exploration since the end of the eighteenth century, and its tombs and burials continue to stimulate research and interest. In modern times the valley has become famous for the discovery of the tomb of Tutankhamun (with its rumours of the Curse of the Pharaohs), and is one of the most famous archaeological sites in the world. In 1979, it became a World Heritage Site, along with the rest of the Theban Necropolis.

The Valley was used for primary burials from approximately 1539 BC to 1075 BC, and contains some 60 tombs, starting with Thutmose I and ending with Ramesses X or XI.

The Valley of the Kings also had tombs for the favourite nobles and the wives and children of both the nobles and pharaohs. Around the time of Ramesses I (ca. 1300 BC) the Valley of the Queens was begun, although some wives were still buried with their husbands.

The quality of the rock in the Valley is very inconsistent. Tombs were built, by cutting through various layers of limestone, each with its own quality. This poses problems for modern day conservators, as it must have to the original architects. Building plans were probably changed on account of this. The most serious problem are the shale layers. This fine material expands when it comes into contact with water. This has damaged many tombs, particularly during floods.

The Valley of the Kings, in Upper Egypt, Thebes, the burial place of the pharaohs of the New Kingdom.
Most of the tombs were cut into the limestone following a similar pattern: three corridors, an antechamber and a sunken sarcophagus chamber. These catacombs were harder to rob and were more easily concealed. The switch to burying the pharaohs within the valley instead of pyramids, was intended to safeguard against tomb robbers. In most cases this did not prove to be affective. Many of the bodies, of the pharaohs, where moved by the Egyptian priests, and placed in several caches, during the political upheaval of the 21st Dynasty.

Construction of a tomb usually lasted six years, beginning with each new reign.

The Valley of the Kings has two components - the East Valley and the West Valley. It is the East Valley which most tourists visit and in which most of the tombs of the New Kingdom Pharaohs can be found.

By the end of the New Kingdom, Egypt had entered a long period of political and economic decline. The priests at Thebes grew in power and effectively administered Upper Egypt, while kings ruling from Tanis controlled Lower Egypt. The Valley began to be heavily plundered, so the priests of Amen during 21st Dynasty to open most of the tombs and move the mummies into three tombs in order to better protect them. Later most of these were moved to a single cache near Deir el-Bari. During the later Third Intermediate Period and later intrusive burials were introduced into many of the open tombs.

Almost all of the tombs have been ransacked, including Tutankhamun's, though in his case, it seems that the robbers were interrupted, so very little was removed.The valley was surrounded by steep cliffs and heavily guarded. In 1090 BC, or the year of the Hyena, there was a collapse in Egypt's economy leading to the emergence of tomb robbers. Because of this, it was also the last year that the valley was used for burial. The valley also seems to have suffered an official plundering during the virtual civil war which started in the reign of Ramesses XI. The tombs were opened, all the valuables removed, and the mummies collected into two large caches. One, the so-called Deir el-Bahri cache, contained no less than forty royal mummies and their coffins; the other, in the tomb of Amenhotep II, contained a further sixteen.

Exploring the Valley of the Kings

The Valley of the Kings has been a major area of modern Egyptological exploration for the last two centuries. Before this the area was a site for tourism in antiquity (especially during Roman times). This areas illustrates the changes in the study of ancient Egypt, starting as antiquity hunting, and ending as scientific excavation of the whole Theban Necropolis. Despite the exploration and investigation noted below, only eleven of the tombs have actually been completely recorded.

The Greek writers Strabo and Diodorus Siculus were able to report that the total number of Theban royal tombs was 47, of which at the time only 17 were believed to be undestroyed. Pausanias and others wrote of the pipe-like corridors of the Valley - i.e. the tombs.

Clearly others also visited the valley in these times, as many of the tombs have graffiti written by these ancient toursits. Jules Baillet located over 2000 Greek and Latin graffiti, along with a smaller number in Phoenician, Cypriot, Lycian, Coptic, and other languages.

Before the nineteenth century, travel from Europe to Thebes (and indeed anywhere in Egypt) was difficult, time-consuming and expensive, and only the hardiest of European travelers visited Ð before the travels of Father Claude Sicard in 1726, it was unclear just where Thebes really was. It was known to be on the Nile, but it was often confused with Memphis and several other sites. One of the first travelers to record what he saw at Thebes was Frederic Louis Norden, a Danish adventurer and artist. He was followed by Richard Pococke, who published the first modern map of the valley itself, in 1743.

In 1799, Napoleon's expedition drew maps and plans of the known tombs, and for the first time noted the Western Valley (where Prosper Jollois and edouard de Villiers du Terrage located the tomb of Amenhotep III, WV22). The Description de l'Egypte contains two volumes (out a total of 19) on the area around Thebes.

Nineteenth Century
European exploration continued in the area around Thebes during the Nineteenth Century, boosted by Champollion's translation of hieroglyphs early in the century. Early in the century, the area was visited by Belzoni, working for Henry Salt, who discovered several tombs, including that of those of Ay in the West Valley (WV23) in 1816, and Seti I, KV17 the next year. At the end of his visits, Belzoni declared that all of the tombs had been found and nothing of note remained to be found.

In 1827 John Gardiner Wilkinson was assigned to paint the entry of every tomb, giving them each a designation that is still in use today Ð they were numbered from KV1 to KV21 (although the maps show 28 entrances, some of which were unexplored). These paintings and maps were later published in The Topography of Thebes and General Survey of Egypt, in 1830. At the same time James Burton explored the valley. His works included making KV17 safer from flooding, but he is more well known for entering KV5.

In 1829, Champollion himself visited the valley, along with Ippolitio Rosellini. The expedition spend 2 months studying the open tombs, visiting about 16 of them. The copied the enscriptions and identfied the original tomb owners. In the tomb of KV17, they removed some wall decorations, which are now on dispaly in the Louvre, Paris.

In 1845 - 1846 the valley was explored by Carl Richard Lepsius' expedition, they explored and documented 25 main valley and 4 in the west.The later half of the century saw a more concerted effort to preserve rather than simply gathering antiquities. Auguste Mariette's Egyptian Antiqities Service started to explore the valley, first with Eugene Lefebre in 1883, then Jules Balliet and George Benedite in early 1888 and finally Victor Loret in 1898 to 1899. During this time George Daressy explored KV9 and KV6.

Loret added a further 16 tombs to the list of tombs, and explored several tombs that had already been discovered.

When Gaston Maspero was reappointed to head the Egyptian Antiquities Service, the nature of the exploration of the valley changed again, Maspero appointed Howard Carter as the Chief Inspector of Upper Egypt, and the young man discovered several new tombs and explored several others, clearing KV42 and KV20.

Twentieth Century
Around the turn of the Twentieth Century, the American Theodore Davis had the excavation permit in the valley, and his team (led mosty by Edward R. Ayrton) discovered several royal and non-royal tombs (KV43, KV46 & KV57 being the most important). In 1907 they discovered the possible Amarna Period cache in KV55. After finding what they thought was the burial of Tutankhamun (KV61), it was announced that the valley was completely explored and no further burials were to be found.

Howard Carter then acquired the right to explore the valley and after a systematic search discovered the actual tomb of Tutankhamun (KV62) in November 1922.

At end of the century, the Theban Mapping Project re-discovered and explored tomb KV55, which has since be discovered to be probably the largest in the valley, and was either a cenotaph or real burial for the sons of Ramesses II. Elsewhere in the eastern and western branches of the valley several other expeditions cleared and studied other tombs. Recently the Amarna Royal Tombs Project has been exploring the area around KV55 and KV62, the Amarna Period tombs in the main valley.

Twenty First Century
Various expeditions have continued to explore the valley, adding greatly to the knowledge of the area. In 2001 the Theban Mapping Project designed new signs for the tombs, providing information and plans of the open tombs. A new visitors' centre is currently being planned. On February 8, 2006, American archaeologists uncovered a pharaonic-era tomb (KV63), the first uncovered there since King Tutankhamun's in 1922. The 18th Dynasty tomb included five mummies in intact sarcophagi with coloured funerary masks along with more than 20 large storage jars, sealed with pharaonic seals.

26/08/2018

The Giza pyramid complex is an archaeological site on the Giza Plateau, on the outskirts of Cairo, Egypt. It includes the three Great Pyramids (Khufu/Cheops, Khafre/Chephren and Menkaure), the Great Sphinx, several cemeteries, a workers' village and an industrial complex. It is located in the Western Desert, approximately 9 km (5 mi) west of the Nile river at the old town of Giza, and about 13 km (8 mi) southwest of Cairo city centre. The Giza Pyramids, built to endure an eternity, have done just that. The monumental tombs are relics of Egypt's Old Kingdom era and were constructed some 4,500 years ago.

Egypt's pharaohs expected to become gods in the afterlife. To prepare for the next world they erected temples to the gods and massive pyramid tombs for themselves—filled with all the things each ruler would need to guide and sustain himself in the next world.

Pharaoh Khufu began the first Giza pyramid project, circa 2550 B.C. His Great Pyramid is the largest in Giza and towers some 481 feet (147 meters) above the plateau. Its estimated 2.3 million stone blocks each weigh an average of 2.5 to 15 tons.

Khufu's son, Pharaoh Khafre, built the second pyramid at Giza, circa 2520 B.C. His necropolis also included the Sphinx, a mysterious limestone monument with the body of a lion and a pharaoh's head. The Sphinx may stand sentinel for the pharaoh's entire tomb complex. The third of the Giza Pyramids is considerably smaller than the first two. Built by Pharaoh Menkaure circa 2490 B.C., it featured a much more complex mortuary temple. Building Boom
The ancient engineering feats at Giza were so impressive that even today scientists can't be sure how the pyramids were built. Yet they have learned much about the people who built them and the political power necessary to make it happen.

The builders were skilled, well-fed Egyptian workers who lived in a nearby temporary city. Archaeological digs on the fascinating site have revealed a highly organized community, rich with resources, that must have been backed by strong central authority.

It's likely that communities across Egypt contributed workers, as well as food and other essentials, for what became in some ways a national project to display the wealth and control of the ancient pharaohs.

Such revelations have led Zahi Hawass, secretary general of Egypt's Supreme Council of Antiquities and a National Geographic explorer-in-residence, to note that in one sense it was the Pyramids that built Egypt—rather than the other way around.

29/04/2018

the temple of the king Ramses ll and his beloved wife queen nefrtary

29/04/2018

29/04/2018

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