30/05/2026
There is nothing that gives an instant sense of place more than an image of cows and castles. It must be Ireland! However, this Martello tower in Co. Galway is a more recent addition to the landscape and tells a fascinating tale of Britain’s growing fear of French expansion in the 18th and 19th centuries — a fear that the French might invade through Britain’s back door. There were many disgruntled Irish people who would have welcomed them, only too eager to embrace the ideals of the French Revolution.
What Are They?
Martello towers are small, circular defensive forts built across the British Empire in the early 19th century. They were originally constructed to defend against an anticipated maritime invasion by Napoleon Bonaparte, and in Ireland that invasion came in 1798, when a small expeditionary force landed in Killala Bay, Co. Mayo.
The design and name of these towers originated from a specific engagement in 1794 at Mortella Point in Corsica. During this conflict, a stoutly built Corsican coastal tower managed to withstand heavy bombardment from two British warships. The British were impressed and adopted the design for their own coastal defences. However, a clerical error resulted in “Mortella” being mistakenly recorded as “Martello”.
Martello towers were engineered to be “bombproof” and self-sustaining. They were solidly constructed, designed with an elevated entrance over two levels and accessible only by ladder. On the roof was a heavy pivoting cannon capable of rotating 360 degrees.
Construction of this impressive defence system began in 1804, and 50 towers were built along the Irish coast, within sight of one another. The French regularly hugged the Irish coast, testing the British defences. The tower pictured is at Finvarra, Co. Clare, and a signalling tower can be viewed at Hag’s Head along the Cliffs of Moher.
Martello towers were eventually rolled out across the British Empire. I love to visit here as part of my Best Cliffs of Moher Private Tour & Burren National Park Private Day Tour with Wild About Ireland. It’s a quiet diversion when the roads are busy at the height of the season, and there is some excellent ice cream.