20/08/2016
Do you know - THE RIVER WATER OF NARMADA, HAS FOUNDED MORE POLLUTED IN DRY SEASON THAN THE WET SEASON...
From the analysis of data of Narmada water river quality in the year between 2014-15, it was observed that there is a distinct variation in water quality during dry and wet season. As the flow of water is less during dry season and water level goes down the quality of water become poor. As a result water remains more polluted during dry season. Again during wet season due to rainfall the flow is more, level of water increases and the water quality becomes relatively better.
Discription of report's conclusion-
The experiment on a selected segment of the river was carried out for four months duration. The time was chosen as such that both dry season and wet season was there. To assess the water quality we conducted test on 13 water quality parameters. The lists of those parameters with the standards are listed below:
Table 1: physico-chemical parameter
No. Parameter Standard
1. DO- 6 mg/L
2. pH - 6.5-8.5
3. Color- 15 ptcu
4. Turbidity- 10 NTU
5. BOD- 0.2 mg/L
6. Hardness - 200-500 mg/L
7. TDS - 1000 mg/L
8. Cl- 0.2 mg/L
9. CO2- Present
10. COD 4 mg/L
There is no sign of river pollution being stopped. It is
increasing day by day. There are several sources of water pollution, which work together to reduce overall river water quality. Industries discharge their liquid waste products into rivers. Our agriculture practice that uses chemical fertilizers and pesticides also contribute to river pollution as rainwater drains these chemicals into the rivers. Domestic wastes that we throw into rivers adds to pollution levels. As population grows, the size of towns and cities also grows. With that the amount of domestic wastes that we throw into river increases. In most of the towns and cities, the municipal drains carry our wastes to rivers.
There are examples of rivers catching fire because of high pollution levels. This shows how seriously polluted our rivers are. In our everyday life we can easily see symptoms of river pollution. The floating dead fishes in our river, any coloured water in the river, or a bad smell from the river point towards river pollution. The study provides evidence that local communities are suffering from a variety of health problems that could be a direct or indirect such as skin problems, stomach problems, gastric ulcers, diarrhoea, dysentery, yellow fever, cholera, dengue, malaria and other epidemic disease also available in this area. The people lives in the aria are also
suffering by the odor pollution and by the respiratory
problems. If you see or feel any of these things in a river be sure that the river is a victim of pollution. River pollution can
be due to the causes below:
1. Acid rain
2. Industrial pollution
3. Agricultural pollution
4. Oil Pollution
5. Solid waste
4. Conclusion
The results of the sampling programme clearly determine that the water quality of Narmada River may not be in a position to sustain the aquatic life as well as not suitable for using for domestic purpose. Due to lack of time and resources, the sampling programme was limited to four months duration, from June, 2014 to May, 2015. The water samples were analyzed that includes DO, pH, color, turbidity, BOD, hardness, TDS, chloride, CO2, COD etc. The disposal of industrial waste effluent into riverine system has given rise to heavily localized pollution and threatens seriously to the environment.
The present data on the status of river water will help to establish water processing plants in future, the requirement of which increases at a tremendous rate due to growth of population, industrialization and arsenic contamination in ground water. The maximum concentration of turbidity, BOD, hardness, TDS and COD found in the Narmada River is much higher than the standard permissible limit. The pollution level of the river is increasing sharply and can cause serious problem in near future. From this study, the surface water quality of the major rivers Narmada river side villages and urban area of Hoshangabad, is a great threat to ecosystem though some parameters may not in the deteriorate
level but the condition of the river side urbanization and industrialization may cause all kind of water pollution in the near future. On the other hand, the study provides evidence that local communities are suffering from a variety of health problems that could be a direct or indirect result of the discharge and flow of waste water. Skin problems may for example be related to the high pH of the water, which couldcertainly irritate the skin and result in sores.
The high pH levels are likely to be the result of the large quantities of caustic soda and soda ash used in the dyeing process. It is more difficult to attribute the stomach problems to industrial pollution as people in the area do not drink surface water. However gastric ulcers and other similar gastric problems maybe related to diet and the impacts of the pollution on crops and fish consumed by people living around Narmada river. It is also possible that groundwater is being polluted by infiltration of industrial effluent but similarly there has been no empirical research into this. The problems of diarrhoea and dysentery are
unlikely to be caused directly by the industrial effluent, as they are usually the result of microbial contamination. However, the high level of in-migration to the area is putting considerable pressure on poor sanitation infrastructure and may be increasing the risk of contracting communicable diseases. By using of river water for washing clothing and bath many water born disease spread man to man. However, yellow, fever, cholera, dengue, malaria and other epidemic disease also available in this area. The people lives in the aria are also suffering by the odor pollution and by the respiratory problems. For the polluted situation of the river maternal and child health of nearby riverbank slam are in a danger position.
{reference:International Journal of Chemical Studies 2016;Narmada river water: Pollution and its impact on
the human health by -Mukesh Katakwar(Department of Chemistry,
Govt. PG. College, Pipariya District Hoshangabad (M.P.),India }
