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the mountains, hight Vindhya. A fair land is it, rich in
soil and well-watered, bearing wheat and cotton and oil-
seeds and the poppy, that giveth sleep. Therein is neither
exceeding heat nor exceeding cold, and the nights of the
land of Malwa are they not famous from ancient days ?
Even as men say : ' The dawn of Benaras, the evening of
Oudh, the night of Malwa.'
Therein of old were three great cities—Ujjain, wherein
Vikramaditya
7
made his capital before the birth of our
Lord, a
Dhar, wherein also he dwelt and wherein the
Paramaras,b 8 who came after him, took delight, and
Mandu the great fortress, jutting out like a bastion from
the tableland into the valley of Rewa, the river which
men of these times called Narbada. From Vikramaditya
was its foundation, and thereafter the Paramaras dwelt
therein, even Raja Bhoj,c 9 'chief of the kings of olden
time,' and Munja Raja,d 10
whose name abideth to this
day Fair and spacious was the city, and forty miles was
the circuit of the walls, which looked—aye, and still look—
down into the sheer ravines that encircle it, like arms of
the sea, embracing it from the broad valley of Rewa : and
in it were many temples of the gods of the Hindus and
of the Jains, curiously wrought wit h images and other
devices.
Upon the peace of the land broke the storm from the
north, and it was laid waste by the barbarians, who utterly
destroyed the temples and images oF the gods of old,
bidding all men under pain of death or slavery to bow the
knee to the one God, Allah, whose Prophet is Muhammad,
on whom be peace. Altamash,e
Ala-ud-din,f
and Firoz
a
56 B.C.
b
A. D. 80O-I3IO.
c
A. D. IOIO-55.
d
A. D. 973-95.
e
A. D. 1226.
f
A. D. I3OO.