20/06/2026
A bit of archival research: Some time ago, I was contacted by someone whose ancestor, named Piotr Fiesiak, emigrated from Zaczerlany near Białystok to Russia in the mid-1920s. There were cases of people leaving for the Soviet Union in the mid-1920s and later. I have a family legend, unconfirmed by documents, about such a departure. This person wanted me to find documents confirming residence in the Białystok area after 1918, when Poland regained independence. I was unsuccessful. But I thought the most likely date was August 1915, when, just before the German army attacked Russia, a multi-million-strong exodus of people to Russia from the Russian partition took place. Some of these people returned to Poland after the October Revolution, while others remained in the Soviet Union. In Polish historiography, we call this exodus "bieżeństwo." But how can we prove this? I looked into the land consolidation documents for the village of Zaczerlany from the 1930s and found the information I was looking for. It turned out that one of Piotr's daughters had returned to Zaczerlany for a short time. After 1915, she married a Latvian, became a Latvian citizen, and was widowed. She came to claim her father's land. I found a number of documents relating to this family, but the most important was a certificate from the Choroszcz commune confirming the family's departure in 1915, which read as follows:
'February 4, 1931, Certificate
The Choroszcz Commune Office, based on the recorded testimonies of witnesses 1) Szymon Sołomianko, son of Filip, aged 40, and Szymon Popko, son of Alojzy, aged 55, permanent residents of the village of Zaczerlany, local commune, hereby certifies that Piotr and Marianna née Chwieroś, spouses Fiesiak, residents of the village of Zaczerlany, local commune, left for Russia in 1915, leaving behind in Zaczerlany 5 1/4 tithes of miscellaneous land, which Piotr Fiesiak inherited from his deceased father, Michał, and used independently for over 20 years. When the Fiesiaks left for
Russia, they had eight children: 1) daughter Łucja, married Bezubik; 2) son Jan; 3) daughter Maria; 4) daughter Krystyna; 5) daughter Stefania; 6) son Stefan; 7) daughter Maksyla; 8) son Władysław; they also left for Russia in 1915, from where, with the exception of Krystyna, née Fiesiak, married Abolin, a Latvian citizen, none
returned. Łucja Bezubik, who disappeared in Russia, left three children who live in the village of Bacieczki, Białostoczek commune. This certificate was issued to Krystyna, née Fiesiak, Abolin, for submission to the Białystok County Municipal Office."