02/08/2022
UNESCO Heritage sites in Russia
Kremlin and Red square, Moscow
Moscow’s Red Square and towering Kremlin aren’t just visually jaw-dropping, they’re also inextricably linked to all the most important historical events in Russia since the 13th Century. The Kremlin represents the meteoric rise and downfall of the Tsars, the heartland of the Soviets and the political pre-eminence of modern-day Russia. The Red Square also houses St Basil’s Basilica, one of the world’s most recognisable and dazzling religious monuments.
The historic center of St.Petersburg
The Historic Centre of St Petersburg, as well as the buildings and ensembles located in the immediate vicinity, were designated as a World Heritage site in 1991. Begun as a vast urban project under Peter the Great in 1703, later, the city known as Leningrad in the former USSR became closely associated with the October Revolution. The city centre is unique for its mix of extremely varied baroque and pure neoclassical styles, the most famous being the Admiralty, the Winter Palace, the Marble Palace and the Hermitage.
Kizhi Island, Karelia
Not as well-known as its big-city counterparts, Kizhi Pogost is a 17th-century site located on Kizhi Island in the Republic of Karelia. The ‘pogost’ is an area including two wooden churches, the 22-dome Transfiguration Church and the 9-dome Intercession Church, along with an octagonal bell tower. Despite being built exclusively out of wood, the churches are still standing after 150 years. The site’s natural setting on Lake Onega is also astoundingly beautiful.
One of the best ways to visit Kizhi is via a Volga River cruise from Moscow to St Petersburg or vice-versa or take an overnight train from St Petersburg to Petrozavodsk for a tour around the area.
Lake Baikal, Irkutsk
Impossible to write about UNESCO world heritage sites in Russia without mentioning Lake Baikal, rightfully upheld as Siberia’s most famous attraction – with a maximum depth of 1,642m, it’s the deepest lake in the world, and at 25 million years old, also the most ancient. It contains 20% of the world’s unfrozen freshwater reserves and some of the world’s clearest waters, appearing like a vast inland sea in summer and an endless, solid plain in winter, as ice over a metre thick freezes over the inky depths of the lake and turns it into a playground for winter sports.
You can get to Lake Baikal by direct flights to Irkutsk from Moscow, St Petersburg, Vladivostok and other cities of Russia, as well as from Beijing and Seoul. Irkutsk is a famous stop on the iconic Tran-Siberian, so if you planning to travel by train, definitely leave 4-5 days to explore the region.
Golden Mountains, Altai
According to UNESCO, the Altai region represents the most complete sequence of altitudinal vegetation zones in central Siberia, from steppe and mixed-forest to alpine. UNESCO cited the Russian Altai importance for preserving globally endangered mammals including the Altai argali and snow leopard. Some of the world’s most beautiful mountain hikes cross through the varied landscapes of the Russian Altai. In late spring after the snowmelt, the ridges of the mountains take on a golden hue from a distance, and up-close are seen to be blanketed with stunning wildflowers.
Derbent Naryn-Kala
Derbent is situated on the western shores of the Caspian Sea, in present-day Dagestan. It was in a position to control the traffic between Europe and the Middle East. The defense structures that were built by the Sasanians were in continuous use by the succeeding Persian, Arabic, Mongol, and Timurid governments. Its military function lasted till the 19th century. Its name is a Persian word: “Darband”, meaning "closed gates".