02/09/2025
2 September 1945, the Empire of Japan will formally surrender to the United Nations (yes, that UN). This photograph shows General Douglas MacArthur signing the Japanese Instrument of Surrender in his capacity as Supreme Commander for the Allied Powers on the deck of the USS Missouri anchored in Tokyo Bay.
As he does this, 2 figures stand out from the mass of Allied officers and men who surround the space. They are Lt General Jonathan Wainright and Lt General Arthur Ernest Percival, one surrendered the Philippines to the Japanese in May 1942 and the other Singapore in February 1942.
This shot shows the moment after MacArthur had given the second of five pens he will use to sign the document to Percival, shown keeping the pen in one of dress pockets, Wainright has his in his right hand.
I’ve always found it significant that MacArthur ensures that these men would stand front and centre at this historic moment, I would like to think that he took the trouble to seek out these men (who were imprisoned in Manchuria when the war ended) and ensured that they would be present at this moment because he understood that these men would forever be linked to the early Allied defeats and the inevitable finger pointing that would come with it.
Another significant object in the background of this photograph is the 31 star flag of the United States that was flown from the flagship of one Commodore Matthew Perry in 1853 when he sailed into Tokyo Bay, bringing an end to 2 centuries of Japanese isolation (sakoku) the following year with the Convention of Kanagawa.
You can find a colourized clip of the Surrender and the moment captured in the photograph here
https://youtu.be/mxUk0STBRIU?t=159
Photo credit: IWM Catalogue number A 30426