疑難雜症事務所

疑難雜症事務所 各項疑難雜症研究所

The Unanimous DeclarationWhen, in the course of human events, it becomes necessary for one people to dissolve the politi...
24/05/2024

The Unanimous Declaration

When, in the course of human events, it becomes necessary for one people to dissolve the political bonds which have connected them with another, and to assume among the powers of the earth, the separate and equal station to which the laws of nature and of nature's God entitle them, a decent respect to the opinions of mankind requires that they should declare the causes which impel them to the separation.

We hold these truths to be self-evident, that all men are created equal, that they are endowed by their Creator with certain unalienable rights, that among these are life, liberty and the pursuit of happiness. That to secure these rights, governments are instituted among men, deriving their just powers from the consent of the governed. That whenever any form of government becomes destructive to these ends, it is the right of the people to alter or to abolish it, and to institute new government, laying its foundation on such principles and organizing its powers in such form, as to them shall seem most likely to effect their safety and happiness. Prudence, indeed, will dictate that governments long established should not be changed for light and transient causes; and accordingly all experience hath shown that mankind are more disposed to suffer, while evils are sufferable, than to right themselves by abolishing the forms to which they are accustomed. But when a long train of abuses and usurpations, pursuing invariably the same object evinces a design to reduce them under absolute despotism, it is their right, it is their duty, to throw off such government, and to provide new guards for their future security. --Such has been the patient sufferance of these colonies; and such is now the necessity which constrains them to alter their former systems of government. The history of the present King of Great Britain is a history of repeated injuries and usurpations, all having in direct object the establishment of an absolute tyranny over these states. To prove this, let facts be submitted to a candid world.

He has refused his assent to laws, the most wholesome and necessary for the public good.

He has forbidden his governors to pass laws of immediate and pressing importance, unless suspended in their operation till his assent should be obtained; and when so suspended, he has utterly neglected to attend to them.

He has refused to pass other laws for the accommodation of large districts of people, unless those people would relinquish the right of representation in the legislature, a right inestimable to them and formidable to tyrants only.

He has called together legislative bodies at places unusual, uncomfortable, and distant from the depository of their public records, for the sole purpose of fatiguing them into compliance with his measures.

He has dissolved representative houses repeatedly, for opposing with manly firmness his invasions on the rights of the people.

He has refused for a long time, after such dissolutions, to cause others to be elected; whereby the legislative powers, incapable of annihilation, have returned to the people at large for their exercise; the state remaining in the meantime exposed to all the dangers of invasion from without, and convulsions within.

He has endeavored to prevent the population of these states; for that purpose obstructing the laws for naturalization of foreigners; refusing to pass others to encourage their migration hither, and raising the conditions of new appropriations of lands.

He has obstructed the administration of justice, by refusing his assent to laws for establishing judiciary powers.

He has made judges dependent on his will alone, for the tenure of their offices, and the amount and payment of their salaries.

He has erected a multitude of new offices, and sent hither swarms of officers to harass our people, and eat out their substance.

He has kept among us, in times of peace, standing armies without the consent of our legislature.

He has affected to render the military independent of and superior to civil power.

He has combined with others to subject us to a jurisdiction foreign to our constitution, and unacknowledged by our laws; giving his assent to their acts of pretended legislation:

For quartering large bodies of armed troops among us:

For protecting them, by mock trial, from punishment for any murders which they should commit on the inhabitants of these states:

For cutting off our trade with all parts of the world:

For imposing taxes on us without our consent:

For depriving us in many cases, of the benefits of trial by jury:

For transporting us beyond seas to be tried for pretended offenses:

For abolishing the free system of English laws in a neighboring province, establishing therein an arbitrary government, and enlarging its boundaries so as to render it at once an example and fit instrument for introducing the same absolute rule in these colonies:

For taking away our charters, abolishing our most valuable laws, and altering fundamentally the forms of our governments:

For suspending our own legislatures, and declaring themselves invested with power to legislate for us in all cases whatsoever.

He has abdicated government here, by declaring us out of his protection and waging war against us.

He has plundered our seas, ravaged our coasts, burned our towns, and destroyed the lives of our people.

He is at this time transporting large armies of foreign mercenaries to complete the works of death, desolation and tyranny, already begun with circumstances of cruelty and perfidy scarcely paralleled in the most barbarous ages, and totally unworth the head of a civilized nation.

He has constrained our fellow citizens taken captive on the high seas to bear arms against their country, to become the executioners of their friends and brethren, or to fall themselves by their hands.

He has excited domestic insurrections amongst us, and has endeavored to bring on the inhabitants of our frontiers, the merciless Indian savages, whose known rule of warfare, is undistinguished destruction of all ages, sexes and conditions.

In every stage of these oppressions we have petitioned for redress in the most humble terms: our repeated petitions have been answered only by repeated injury. A prince, whose character is thus marked by every act which may define a tyrant, is unfit to be the ruler of a free people.

Nor have we been wanting in attention to our British brethren. We have warned them from time to time of attempts by their legislature to extend an unwarrantable jurisdiction over us. We have reminded them of the circumstances of our emigration and settlement here. We have appealed to their native justice and magnanimity, and we have conjured them by the ties of our common kindred to disavow these usurpations, which, would inevitably interrupt our connections and correspondence. We must, therefore, acquiesce in the necessity, which denounces our separation, and hold them, as we hold the rest of mankind, enemies in war, in peace friends.

We, therefore, the representatives of the United States of America, in General Congress, assembled, appealing to the Supreme Judge of the world for the rectitude of our intentions, do, in the name, and by the authority of the good people of these colonies, solemnly publish and declare, that these united colonies are, and of right ought to be free and independent states; that they are absolved from all allegiance to the British Crown, and that all political connection between them and the state of Great Britain, is and ought to be totally dissolved; and that as free and independent states, they have full power to levey war, conclude peace, contract alliances, establish commerce, and to do all other acts and things which independent states may of right do. And for the support of this declaration, with a firm reliance on the protection of Divine Providence, we mutually pledge to each other our lives, our fortunes and our sacred honor.

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關於「永續」不只是目標,而是實踐,一年一度的 Style Bangkok 2024 即將開展,這項備受期待的活動走在趨勢的浪潮中,以永續性倡議揭示,攜手時尚、設計與生活風格等領域帶來最新創意而多元化的作品,3月的曼谷,一場時尚與...

12/03/2024

波音公司的一名前僱員被發現死於美國,他曾因對該公司的生產標準提出擔憂而被視為「吹哨人」。

約翰·巴尼特(John Barnett)為波音公司工作了32年,直到2017年退休。在他死亡的幾天前,他還在針對該公司的舉報訴訟中作證。

波音公司對巴尼特的去世表示悲痛。查爾斯頓縣法醫週一(3月11日)向BBC證實了他的死訊。法醫說,這位62歲的男子3月9日死於「自我傷害」,警方正在對此事進行調查。

巴尼特從2010年起,他在北查爾斯頓工廠擔任品質經理,生產787夢想客機,這是一種主要用於長途航線的先進客機。

2019年,巴尼特告訴BBC,在壓力下,工人們曾在生產線上故意為飛機安裝不符合標準的零件。他還說,他發現氧氣系統存在嚴重問題,這可能意味著四分之一的呼吸面罩在緊急情況下無法工作。

他說,在南卡羅來納州開始工作後不久,他就開始擔心,急於製造新飛機意味著裝配過程過於倉促,安全性也將受到影響,但波音對此予以否認。

他後來告訴BBC,工人們沒有遵守工廠的部件追蹤程序,導致有缺陷的部件丟失。他稱,在某些情況下,員工為避免生產線上的延誤,不合格部件甚至被從殘次品箱中取出,安裝到正在製造的飛機上。

巴尼特先生說,他已經提醒管理人員注意他的擔憂,但公司沒有採取任何行動。

波音公司否認了他的說法。不過,美國聯邦航空管理局(FAA)在2017年的一項審查確實證實了他的部分擔憂。

審查結果表明,至少有53個「不合格」部件在工廠中的位置不明,被認為已經丟失。波音公司被責令採取補救措施。

退休後,他開始對該公司持續提出法律訴訟。他指控波音公司詆毀他的人格,並因他指出的問題而阻礙其職業生涯,但波音公司拒絕了這些指控。

巴尼特去世時,正在查爾斯頓接受與此案有關的法律面談。上周,他提交了一份正式證詞。他原定於週六接受進一步詢問,但他沒有出現。後來他被發現死在下榻酒店停車場的卡車裡。

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中國河南將2022年的GDP數據向下「修正」了3100多億元,這相當於河南省全部18個市中排名第八的駐馬店市一年的GDP。

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