05/24/2026
in 1861, the first Union officer was killed in the Civil War. Colonel Elmer Ellsworth was a friend of Abraham Lincoln. He worked for Lincoln, campaigned for him, and was part of his security detail when Lincoln traveled from Illinois to Washington D.C. Ellsworth was also a national celebrity after a tour of major cities with his famous Zouaves, who performed military drills and acrobatics, to the delight of thousands of people in America prior to the Civil War.
When the Civil War began, Ellsworth took command of the 11th New York aka the “Fire Zouaves.” He led this regiment into Alexandria on May 24, 1861, which was one day after Virginia formally seceded from the United States due to the results of a statewide vote on May 23.
Colonel Ellsworth saw a massive Confederate Flag flying above the Marshall House, which was an inn on King Street. James Jackson, who managed the Marshall House, was a hardcore secessionist and placed the flag on a 40 foot flagpole. It was said that the flag could be viewed by spyglass from the White House. It was also known locally that Jackson vowed to kill any man that tried to take down his flag.
Ellsworth was unaware of Jackson’s vow when he decided to take the flag down. Believing it would be a good gift for President Lincoln, Ellsworth descended the stairs of the Marshall House with the flag triumphantly in hand. As he approached the second floor, Jackson spotted his opportunity and shot Ellsworth. The bullet killed him on the spot. Jackson tried to fire at another soldier. But, Private Francis Brownell was able to shoot Jackson and then bayoneted him several times.
President Lincoln was emotionally moved by the death of Ellsworth and called him the “greatest little man I ever met.” Ellsworth was brought to lie in state at the White House.
Both names, Ellsworth and Jackson, became rallying cries. “Remember Ellsworth” and “Remember Jackson” were shouted frequently.
Alexandria’s Civil War history is unique and fascinating. We frequently talk about this history on our guided tours of Alexandria.