08/26/2026
Ride with Missouri Mules at Santa Cali Gon Days Festival! Only $5 per person, see how the pioneers traveled across the nation.
September 4th - 7th during festival hours, walk up only.
Missouri's association with mules was not just a nickname somebody invented after the fact. The Missouri State Archives says that by the 1870s, Missouri produced more mules than any other state. The animals became famous because they were useful in exactly the kinds of hard jobs a growing agricultural and transportation economy demanded: pulling wagons, working fields, hauling freight, serving in mines, and moving people and supplies over rough ground.
A mule is the offspring of a mare and a jack. The combination often produces an animal valued for strength, endurance, sure-footedness, and resistance to some of the problems that could wear down horses in heavy work. Those characteristics made Missouri mules desirable far beyond the state. They went west with overland traffic, worked farms across the country, and later served military transportation needs in both world wars.
The mule industry also connected several pieces of Missouri's economy. Farmers bred and raised animals. Dealers bought and sold them. Railroads moved them to distant markets. Blacksmiths, harness makers, wagon builders, feed suppliers, and livestock yards all participated in the system. Before mechanized tractors and trucks changed rural work, an animal with the right temperament and physical condition could be a serious piece of capital.
Missouri eventually made the connection official. In 1995, the Missouri mule was designated the state animal. By then, tractors had long since replaced most farm teams, but the historical reputation remained strong enough to become part of the state's official symbolism. The 1870s production ranking is the detail that prevents this from becoming generic rural nostalgia. Missouri did not merely have a lot of mules. It led the country in producing them. That changes the way old photographs of wagon teams and livestock markets should be read. Those animals were part of a major industry. If you could visit one Missouri livestock market in the 1870s, what would interest you more: watching buyers judge the animals, seeing how teams were trained, or following where the mules were shipped after the sale?