09/08/2026
The famous story of the "Miracle of the Gulls"—where seagulls saved early Mormon pioneers from starvation by swooping in to eat a plague of crickets—is based on real historical events, but the narrative has been heavily romanticized and exaggerated over generations.
Historians from both secular backgrounds and The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints have deconstructed the event. In the spring of 1848, the pioneers' second-season crops were heavily attacked by swarms of native insects now known as Mormon crickets actually a species of shield-backed katydid.
June 1848, thousands of native California gulls came from the Great Salt Lake and feasted heavily on the crickets for about three weeks. Pioneers were amazed to watch the gulls gorge on crickets, drink water, regurgitate the indigestible parts, and immediately go back to eating more. Biologists confirm that this is a completely normal, natural behavior for gulls when managing an overabundance of food.
Myths vs. Historical Reality
While the birds certainly helped, historical journals, diaries, and official church letters from the summer of 1848 show that the event was not the sudden, absolute rescue commonly taught in folklore.
The gulls didn't magically erase the crisis. The pioneers still suffered severe, devastating crop losses due to the crickets, coupled with late-spring frosts and a harsh drought.
A look at contemporary 1848 diaries shows that many pioneers mentioned the devastating crickets, but completely omitted the gulls. An official church summary of the valley's experiences published in 1849 didn't mention the gulls at all. At the time, the settlers viewed it as a tough, grueling "Cricket War" rather than an instant divine deliverance. The pioneers were unfamiliar with the Great Basin ecosystem. They did not realize that California gulls naturally nesting at the Great Salt Lake had been flying inland to feast on seasonal cricket and grasshopper swarms for thousands of years before humans ever arrived.
As time passed, the narrative became a powerful symbol of faith and survival. By the late 1800's the story was retold with more dramatic flair—adding elements of immediate answered prayers and an overnight rescue. The legend cemented itself permanently into Utah culture. In 1913, the church dedicated the Seagull Monument on Temple Square believed to be the first monument dedicated to birds in the U.S. and in 1955 the California gull was officially named the State Bird of Utah.