08/06/2026
Long before the Underground Railroad guided people north to freedom, there was a road running south, and it led to a small fort just outside St. Augustine. 🕊️ In 1738, the Spanish crown established Gracia Real de Santa Teresa de Mose, known simply as Fort Mose, and it became the first legally sanctioned free Black community in what is now the United States.
The story begins with enslaved people in the British colonies who risked everything to escape toward Spanish Florida. Spain, eager to undermine its British rivals, offered freedom to those who reached St. Augustine and converted to Catholicism. The men among them formed a free Black militia, and they were given their own fortified settlement at Mose to help defend the northern approach to the city. ⚔️
The people of Fort Mose farmed, worshiped, raised families, and fought to protect the freedom they had won at such great cost. The settlement was abandoned when Florida passed to British control in 1763, but its significance never faded. Today it is a National Historic Landmark and a powerful reminder that the American story of freedom is older and more complex than we often learn. ✊
Some of the bravest chapters of our history were written by people whose names were nearly lost. Fort Mose makes sure they are remembered.