06/08/2026
Robert Morris was born on this day in 1823 in Salem.
No, not Robert Morris the signer of the Declaration of the Independence. We are talking about Robert Morris the black lawyer from Salem, who was one of the first black attorneys in the United States and was called "the first really successful black lawyer in America."
At the age of 15, Morris went to work as a household servant for the abolitionist lawyer, Ellis Gray Loring. When Loring's regular copyist neglected his duties, Morris took over for him. Impressed with Morris's intellect, Loring tutored him in the law, and in 1847 presented him for admission to the Massachusetts bar.
After his admission to the bar, Morris may have been the first black male lawyer to file a lawsuit in the U.S. He was also the first black lawyer to win a lawsuit. Morris was active in black and abolitionist causes, notably filing and trying the first U.S. civil rights challenge to segregated public schools in the 1848 case of Roberts v. Boston.
Morris and Charles Sumner pressed the case, which is believed to be the first legal challenge to the "separate but equal" practice of segregation in America. The Massachusetts Supreme Judicial Court ruled against Morris in 1850. The U.S. Supreme Court later cited the case in support of its Plessy v. Ferguson ruling in 1896, which codified the "separate but equal" standard. "Separate but equal" was ultimately overturned by the high court in Brown v. Board of Education in 1954.
Come learn about other achievements by Morris and many other black leaders in our Black History Tour running on Juneteenth (June 19) at 11 am. The tour also runs on select days in July and August.
https://www.salemhistoricaltours.com/salem-black-history-tour