08/21/2026
Friday Spotlight: John Proctor
This August, we remember the 5 innocent people executed together during the Salem Witch Trials on August 19, 1692.
Today, we remember John Proctor.
For many people, the name John Proctor immediately brings to mind The Crucible. Arthur Miller's play turned him into perhaps the most famous victim of the Salem Witch Trials.
The real John Proctor, however, had a wildly different story.
John was born in Assington, England, in 1631 and came to Massachusetts with his family as a small child. They settled in Ipswich, where his father became a successful farmer. John eventually married and started a family of his own, although tragedy followed him through his early adult life. His first wife, Martha, died in 1659. His second wife, Elizabeth Thorndike, died in 1672.
In 1674, John married his third wife, Elizabeth Bassett.
By then, he had moved to the Salem area and leased a large farm of around 700 acres. He also operated a successful tavern on Ipswich Road, just outside the boundary of Salem Village. John had built a prosperous life for himself and his family.
Then came 1692.
From the beginning of the witchcraft crisis, John was skeptical. He didn't quietly question what was happening behind closed doors. He OPENLY called the "afflicted" girls frauds and liars and one of those girls lived in his own house.
Mary Warren was the Proctors' twenty-year-old servant and became one of the afflicted. When she began suffering "fits", John responded harshly. According to testimony, he threatened to beat her and kept her working at her spinning wheel. The fits stopped.
On April 2nd, Mary posted a note at the Salem Village meetinghouse asking the congregation to give thanks for her recovery. When questioned about it, she reportedly said that "the afflicted persons did but dissemble," which those present understood to mean that the girls were pretending. They were faking it.
Then John left home on business and Mary's fits returned. Before long, she was once again participating in the accusations.
John's opposition to the trials had made him dangerous but it was the accusation of his wife that finally pulled him directly into them.
Elizabeth Proctor was pregnant when she was accused of witchcraft in April. John accompanied her to her examination and watched as Abigail Williams and Ann Putnam Jr. claimed Elizabeth's specter was attacking them.
Then suddenly, the girls turned on John. They cried out that they could see "Goodman Procter himself."
Within moments, the afflicted began collapsing into fits.
John answered simply "I know not, I am innocent." but it didn't matter.
He went into the room to defend his pregnant wife and left accused of witchcraft himself.
He was formally indicted and examined on April 11th. And, as always, the accusations followed the familiar pattern. The girls claimed his spirit pinched, bit, choked, and tortured them. At one point, Abigail Williams even claimed she could see John's specter sitting in the magistrate's lap.
When he was imprisoned, the accusations spread through his family.
His wife was already in jail. Three of their children, Benjamin, Sarah, and William, were accused. Elizabeth's sister, Mary Bassett DeRich, was accused. Her sister-in-law Sarah Bassett was accused. One accusation had begun consuming an entire family.
Friends and neighbors tried to help. A group of people who had known John and Elizabeth for years signed a petition on their behalf. They testified that the Proctors had lived Christian lives and were "ever ready to help such as stood in need of their help." but it did nothing.
John was physically searched for a witch's mark nut nothing suspicious was found which did nothing either. Then Mary Warren, herself, testified against him
She claimed his specter had pinched her, bitten her, choked her, pressed on her stomach until blood came from her mouth, and tried to force her to sign the Devil's book. John's own words also came back to haunt him. Witnesses remembered him saying that the afflicted should be whipped for lying and describing how he had threatened to "thresh the Devil" out of Mary Warren. In an ordinary court, those statements might have made John look angry, harsh, or even cruel but in Salem in 1692, they helped make him a witch.
But perhaps the most important thing John Proctor did happened from inside his jail cell. He realized that people were being tortured into confessing.
On July 23rd, John and several other prisoners wrote a letter to ministers in Boston begging them to intervene. They asked for different judges or for their trials to be moved to Boston because they believed there was no possibility of receiving justice in Salem through the Court of Oyer and Terminer.
John described what had happened to prisoners who refused to confess, among them was his own son William. According to John, William was tied "neck and heels" because he would not admit he was a witch. He was bound so brutally that blood came from his nose, and John believed he might have remained that way for twenty-four hours had someone finally not taken pity on him and ordered him released. John also described similar treatment inflicted upon Martha Carrier's sons. People were being tortured until they admitted to crimes they had never committed.
John begged the ministers to stop it. "Our innocent blood," he warned, would otherwise be shed....and he was right.
On August 5th, John and Elizabeth Proctor were both convicted of witchcraft and sentenced to death. Elizabeth had only one thing protecting her. The fact she was pregnant. Her ex*****on was postponed until after the birth of her child but John had no such protection.
On August 19th , 1692, John Proctor was taken to Gallow's Hill (now called Proctor's Ledge) with all the others I'm posting about this month. Elizabeth remained in jail, pregnant, knowing that her husband was dead and believing that once she gave birth, she might be next.
Sadly, the destruction of the Proctor family did not end with John's death.
Their property had been seized to pay jail expenses. Because John and Elizabeth had been convicted, they were stripped of their legal rights.
John had also removed Elizabeth from his will, because he expected her to be executed and therefore unable to inherit.
Elizabeth gave birth to a son on January 27, 1693...she was not executed. Instead, she remained imprisoned until May, when the last prisoners were finally released. Miraculously, the baby survived the harsh conditions.
But she walked out of jail a widow. Her family had been scattered. Their property had been taken, and because she was legally considered a convicted felon, she could not even claim the inheritance normally owed to a widow, which left her penniless. It took years for Elizabeth to regain her legal rights and it took even longer for Massachusetts to admit what had been done. In 1711, the family received £150 in restitution for John's death and the family's imprisonment.
Today, John Proctor is remembered around the world largely because of The Crucible. But it is important to separate Arthur Miller's fictional character from the real man.
As a tour guide, I often have to dispel the myth, due to The Crucible, that he and Abigail Williams had an affair. They did not. Abigail was eleven years old during the trials, while John was sixty. That relationship was fabricated by Miller for his play.