09/07/2026
Calvert County Oyster Shuckers Strike
For Labor Day, I thought I would share a little piece of Calvert County labor history.
In the 1930s, the oyster industry employed lots of people here in Southern Maryland. Watermen caught the oysters, but inside the packing houses were hundreds of shuckers, many of them African American men and women, who spent long days opening oysters by hand. They were generally paid according to how many gallons of oysters they could shuck.
In December 1938, several Calvert County oyster houses reduced the shucking rate from 30 cents to 25 cents per gallon.
The shuckers were understandably unhappy about losing part of their income, particularly just before Christmas. They asked that the reduction at least be delayed until after the holidays. When that didn't happen, they walked out.
But the oyster houses were in a difficult position, too. The packers pointed to poor oyster quality, unusually warm weather, falling prices, weak markets, and competition from Eastern Shore packing houses as reasons for lowering the rate. It was an industry already facing some serious challenges.
The strike started at Broomes Island. Shuckers from Warren Denton's oyster house at Broomes Island then traveled to Sollers & Dowell on St. Leonard Creek, where 35 workers joined them. From there they continued to Solomons. Workers at H.M. Woodburn & Son joined the strike, followed by workers at J.C. Lore & Sons.
Altogether, roughly 300 oyster shuckers participated in what newspapers at the time described as Calvert County's first organized strike.
Police were called, including the Calvert County sheriff and Maryland State Police. There were allegations that some people who wanted to continue working had been threatened, but police reported witnessing no violence.
The oyster house owners warned that if they couldn't operate at the lower shucking rate, they might close their houses for the season. That put the shuckers in a terrible position. Continue the strike and risk losing their winter employment altogether, or return to work at the reduced rate.
They returned to work.
However, on November 13, 1939, 252 Calvert County oyster shuckers went on strike again.
This time workers walked out at five oyster houses: Warren Denton at Broomes Island, J.C. Lore & Sons and H.M. Woodburn & Son in Solomons, Sollers & Dowell on St. Leonard Creek, and Daniel Barrett at Hellen Creek.
The second strike was more formally organized. Norman Phillips, an organizer with the American Federation of Labor from New Jersey, came to Calvert County and attempted to negotiate between the workers and the oyster house owners.
Again, the two sides found themselves facing the same basic problem. The shuckers needed to earn a living. The oyster houses needed to remain economically viable in an industry that was becoming increasingly difficult.
A lot of folks want to point fingers when looking back at labor disputes, often blaming greed. But the truth is, there were few, if any, villains in this particular dispute. Most records indicate that shuckers and oyster house owners generally maintained good relationships. Tough economics, however, can create tension between everyday people who are all trying to make a living.
Not long after the strikes, shucking rates actually rose to 35 cents per gallon. Calvert County's oyster houses continued to adapt to a changing industry. Changes in oyster populations, markets, transportation, refrigeration, processing, and the economics of the Chesapeake seafood industry gradually transformed a business that had once employed hundreds of people here.
So, on Labor Day, I think it is worth remembering this little piece of Calvert County history.
The oyster house owners were trying to keep their businesses viable. The shuckers were trying to protect the value of their labor and support their families. For two winters in 1938 and 1939, those pressures collided right here in Calvert County.
If you have not visited the Calvert Marine Museum recently, I highly recommend it. There is so much more great information there about the lives of oyster shuckers.
One display in particular allows you to hear the shuckers' stories in their own words. Hearing the voices of the people who actually did this work adds something that no history book really can. It is a powerful experience.