05/26/2026
A Historic Congressional Race...
There is only one known congressional race in U.S. history in which future presidents ran against each other for the same seat. Both men were born in the Northern Neck, and the race was for the 1st U.S. Congress.
In 1789, James Madison and James Monroe both aimed to be the representative for Virginia’s 5th congressional district, a contest that came just after the Constitution took effect.
Virginians were deeply divided over how powerful the new federal government should be. Madison, often called the “Father of the Constitution,” supported ratification and argued the new government was necessary to preserve the union. But he was initially opposed to adding a Bill of Rights.
Monroe, an Anti-Federalist, appealed to Virginians who feared centralized federal power and worried the Constitution lacked protections for individual liberties.
Patrick Henry, also an Anti-Federalist, was reportedly a central figure in an effort to shape the congressional district to defeat Madison politically. But Madison adapted, notably by shifting to support the Bill of Rights.
Ultimately, Madison received 1,308 votes to Monroe’s 972 and became the first representative from Virginia’s 5th District.
Monroe, however, soon entered Congress as well, winning election to the Senate in 1790 to fill a vacancy created by the death of Senator William Grayson.
Decades later, the former congressional opponents would serve back-to-back as Presidents of the United States — Madison from 1809 to 1817, followed immediately by Monroe from 1817 to 1825.
Get to know America’s 5th President Better. Visit James Monroe’s Birthplace:
4460 James Monroe Highway, Colonial Beach