05/24/2022
in 1844, Samuel F. B. Morse dispatched the first telegraph message from the building. Answering a U.S. House of Representatives request for a telegraph system, Treasury Secretary Levi Woodbury advertised the call to inventors nationwide. Morse’s proposal stood out from others received by in that only Morse proposed an electromagnetic system which utilized electrical signals and wires to transmit messages over long distances.
In need of funding and support for his invention, Morse appealed to the House Commerce Committee in 1842. He stretched a wire to the Senate Committee on Naval Affairs to demonstrate his invention and sent a message while Representatives, Senators, and John Tyler watched closely. After a successful demonstration, the House and Senate granted Morse $30,000 to run a test line to .
After years of planning and preparation, on May 24, 1844, Morse gathered Members of Congress in a committee room to send the first telegraph message to a railroad station. Morse tapped out the prophetic Biblical verse: “What Hath God Wrought”, suggested to him by a friend’s daughter. When an identical message was received from his partner in Baltimore, Morse knew his demonstration was a success. A few days later, the telegraph would gain the attention of many as Morse’s partner delivered the news of James K. Polk’s presidential nomination “with the rapidity of lightning,” as a journalist noted.
The telegraph would come to revolutionize long-distance communication. Soon after Morse’s demonstration in the Capitol, telegraph networks began to form nationwide and by 1866, the transatlantic cable connected to the American Continent. This landmark technology helped transform world communications as well as supported the expansion and economic development of the United States.
Photo 2: The telegraph key used to send “What Hath God Wrought” (Smithsonian)